ABSTRACT
The paper analyzes the overall evolutionary context of the situations of anti-diabetic drug patent applicants at home and abroad and conducts comparative analysis of the main patent applicants,etc.by making use of the patent analysis method and combining pharmaceutical knowledge.Relevant research results can be taken as the references for domestic pharmaceutical enterprises to make patent strategies and evaluate competitors.
ABSTRACT
Aim Toinvestigatetheanalgesiceffectsof epidural osthole application on the mechanical allodyn-ia and the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway and the expression of COX-2 mRNA in the spinal dorsal horn.Methods 125adultmaleSDratswererandomizedin-to five groups( n=25 each) :Blank, Sham, NP, Ost and vehicle. At postoperative day 6, 1mg/rat osthole 50 μl was injected epidurally into group Ost and the same volume of vehicle was given into group vehicle. The mechanical pain threshold was measured by 50%MWT at 1 day before operation and the 3 rd,6 th,7 th, 14 th,21 st day after operation. After the measurement of pain threshold on postoperative day 14 , the L4-6 segment of spinal dorsal horn was removed for determi-nation of the expression of ERK, pERK and COX-2 mRNAbyWesternblotandRT-PCR.Results Com-pared with blank group, the mechanical pain threshold was only down-regulated at day 1 after operation in sham group, the expression of pERK and COX-2 mR-NA in sham group showed no significant difference ( P>0. 05 ); the mechanical pain threshold was signifi-cantly down-regulated after operation in NP, Ost and vehicle groups( P0. 05). The correla-tion analysis on pERK1/2 and COX-2 mRNA revealed the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0 . 878 and 0 . 910 , suggesting a strong positive correlation between pERKandCOX-2mRNA.Conclusions Ostholead-ministrated in the early stage after surgery can alleviate the nucleus pulposus-induced radicular inflammatory pain probably by inhibiting the expression of pERK and COX-2 mRNA in spinal dorsal horn.